Separation anxiety in dogs is a form of distress that appears when they’re left alone or separated from their main 'person'. Dogs with separation anxiety might bark, pace, drool, or chew when alone, and often seem clingy when their owner returns. The behaviour stems from emotional over-attachment and poor coping skills when routines change. Some dogs are more predisposed through genetics or early experiences, while others develop it after sudden shifts like moving house or owners returning to work after spending long periods at home.
quick summary
Separation anxiety in dogs is an overactive stress response to being left alone.
Signs include pacing, whining, destruction, or toileting indoors
Linked to genetics, routine changes, or past experiences
Common in dogs that struggle with predictability
Gradual training and predictable routines can reduce stress
What is actually going on?
Separation anxiety arises when a dog’s attachment system - the emotional bond that keeps them close to their human - becomes over-activated in the absence of that person. In normal circumstances, dogs adjust when their owner leaves, but anxious dogs experience it as a genuine threat, which triggers the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
The reaction isn’t 'naughtiness'. Physiologically, the same brain pathways that control fear and survival responses light up. Over time, repeated stress can make these pathways more sensitive, meaning even small separation cues (like picking up keys) can trigger anxiety.
Contributing factors include inconsistent routines, lack of gradual alone-time training, early separation from the mother, or traumatic events like rehoming. Certain breeds and highly social dogs can be more prone.
What are the signs of separation anxiety in dogs at night?
Persistent vocalisation (barking/whining), pacing, restlessness, destructive behaviour, toileting indoors or shadowing you around the house in the evening are all signs.
Can calming supplements help with my dog's separation anxiety?
Yes, calming supplements might help to lower your dog's emotional responses to certain stress triggers, giving room or 'space' for new routines and training to be more effective.
How can I help a dog with separation anxiety at night?
It requires a structured approach that addresses both the emotional response and the practical sleep routine, but progress can take time.
