What‘s the difference between separation anxiety and boredom in dogs?

The key difference lies in timing, intensity, and what drives the behaviour.

Separation anxiety

• Distress starts immediately or within minutes of your departure
• Destructive behaviour focuses on exit points: scratching doors, chewing door frames, digging at windows
• Toileting happens near doors or in unusual spots, not because they couldn't hold it
• Vocalisation is continuous, frantic: howling, barking, whining that doesn't stop
• Physical signs before you leave: panting, drooling, pacing, refusing food
• Your dog can't settle down - stress hormones (cortisol) remain elevated throughout your absence (1)

Boredom

• Develops after the dog has been alone for extended periods (2+ hours)
• Destructive targeting is opportunistic: remote controls, shoes, cushions - items that are interesting or smell like you
• Vocalisation is intermittent: occasional barking at sounds outside
• The dog likely sleeps for periods, then wakes and finds something to do
• No panic signs before departure; the dog may settle initially then seek stimulation

Why the difference is important

A bored dog given a long-lasting chew, puzzle toy, or adequate exercise beforehand will often settle happily. A dog with separation anxiety won't engage with treats or toys. Some dogs show both: underlying anxiety with boredom-driven destruction layered on top during longer absences.

Video footage from the first 30 minutes after you leave is incredibly revealing. True separation anxiety shows immediate distress; boredom shows gradual restlessness.

References

1. Palestrini C, Previde EP, Spiezio C, Verga M. Heart rate and behavioural responses of dogs in the Ainsworth's Strange Situation: a pilot study. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2005;94(1-2):75-88. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159105000535