Arthritis in Dogs

Last reviewed: November 19, 2025

Arthritis in dogs is one of the most common causes of long-term stiffness and mobility loss. It happens when the cushioning cartilage within joints wears down, leading to inflammation, pain, and reduced movement. The condition develops gradually and can affect any joint, but especially hips, knees, and elbows. While age is the biggest factor, it can also follow injury, poor joint structure, or previous illness. Recognising the early signs of arthritis helps owners manage discomfort and keep their dog active for longer.

quick summary

Arthritis in dogs is the breakdown of cartilage inside joints, causing stiffness and pain.

Most common in older or large-breed dogs
Signs include limping, stiffness, or reluctance to move
Often develops gradually but can worsen with cold weather
Early diagnosis helps slow progression and improve comfort

What is actually going on?

Arthritis, or osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint condition where the cartilage that cushions bones begins to wear away. Without this smooth surface, movement becomes rougher, causing friction and inflammation inside the joint. The body tries to stabilise the area by forming new bone (osteophytes) around the joint edges, but this makes movement even less flexible.

As inflammation continues, joint fluid thickens and loses its lubricating quality. Surrounding muscles may tighten to protect the joint, which adds further stiffness. These changes create a cycle of discomfort and limited motion.

Most cases appear in middle-aged or senior dogs, though it can also follow trauma or abnormal joint development. Large breeds and overweight dogs are particularly at risk because of extra pressure on joints. The process itself isn’t sudden - it’s a slow structural change inside the joint that affects how bones, cartilage, and tissue interact over time. Recognising it early allows for better long-term care.

things to look out for

Limping or stiffness after rest
Difficulty getting up or climbing stairs
Reluctance to jump or play
Muscle loss around affected limbs
Clicking or swelling in joints
Changes in mood or tolerance to handling

frequently asked questions

What are the early signs of arthritis in dogs that owners miss?

Early signs include taking stairs one at a time instead of big bounds, shifting weight side to side when standing, or needing a moment to get going after sleeping. Many dogs also start choosing softer surfaces to lie on or avoiding slippery floors altogether.

Are supplements classed as a holistic treatment for dogs?

Supplements can be part of a holistic approach, but they're not a standalone treatment. True holistic care combines multiple elements such as weight management, exercise modification and diet.

How long does it take for joint supplements to help dogs with arthritis?

Most dogs show improvements within 4 to 6 weeks of daily use.

What supplements are good for dogs with arthritis?

Supplements containing glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, green lipped mussel and boswellia tend to have the strongest research backing.